Newspapers, though not recent invention, have become even more wide-spread due to new printing press technology. The wider spread of information and news was revolutionary and a marked reason for Modernism. News companies popped up, as well as publications for general interested, such as the Titbits paper, which Joyce and his father were avid readers.^dErme-BloomDandyNymph-2018.pdf

These “weeklies” were sources of intellect, the means for the working class to absorb knowledge.

Photobits - “you made me a man” James A. Joyce

Low-brow

Yet Bloom wipes his ass with a corner of Titbits at the end of 4 Calypso:

  • Perhaps because looks down on the newspaper
  • Probably was what was convieent
  • Or, maybe Joyce was getting retribution of a grudge he held against the paper

The Rolled-up Newspaper

  • The Ulyssean sword of Odysseys in 4 Calypso